Uzbekistan

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Name : The Republic of Uzbekistan
Population : of the Republic of Uzbekistan is more than 36 million people (by 1-th quarter 2023), of them 37 % - urban and 63 % - rural residents.
Language : Uzbek
Republic : authoritarian presidential rule.
Location : Central Asia, north of Afghanistan.
Area : total – 447,400 sq. km.;
land – 425,400 sq. km.;
water – 22,000 sq. km.
Land boundaries : total length – 6,221 km. extent of borders with Afghanistan - 137 km., Kazakhstan – 2,203 km., Kirgizstan – 1,099 km., Tadjikistan – 1,161 km., Turkmenistan – 1,621 km.;
Capital : Tashkent city
Currency : Uzbek sum
Ethnic groups : Uzbeks, Russians, Tadjiks, Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Koreans, Iranians and etc.
Religion : Muslims 84%
Uzbekistan provinces: Tashkent, Samarkand, Navoi, Bukhara, Khorezm, Surhondarya, Kashkadarya, Ferghana, Namangan, Andijan, Sirdarya, Djizakh, Karakalpakstan Autonomic Republic

Climate : Climate in Uzbekistan is sharply continental, low relative humidity of the air in summer. Daytime in summer lasts about 15 hours and in winter- no less than 9 hours. The coldest winter month is January when the temperature drops to minus 8 degrees. Temperature in winter may drop to 35- 38 degrees below zero. The hottest summer month is July. The maximum temperature in summer exceeds +42 degrees.

Geography : Uzbekistan is situated in central Asia between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers, the Aral Sea, and the slopes of the Tien Shan Mountains. It is bounded by Kazakhstan in the north and northwest, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the east and southeast, Turkmenistan in the southwest, and Afghanistan in the south. The republic also includes the Karakalpakstan Autonomous Republic, with its capital, Nukus (1992 est. pop., 182,000).

Access to sea : Country is encircled by land.
Neighbors: Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.
Coordinates: 41 00 N, 64 00 E Terrain. Most of the territory of Uzbekistan is occupied by plains (near four fifth of the territory). One of the main is Turanian plain. In the east and northeast of country are situated spurs of Tien-Shan and the Pamirs, here is the highest spot of country (4 643 м). There is one of the largest desert of the world – Kizilkums on the north of central part of the territory of Uzbekistan.

History : Uzbekistan has seen the rise and fall of many empires. The Sogdians, the Macedonians, the Huns, the Mongolians, the Seljuks, the Timurids and the Khanates, all of them have been instrumental in reshaping and rediscovering the course of Uzbekistan history. The Sogdiana, Bactria and Khwarezm were the first civilizations, who occupied the territories of Ferghana, Tashkent, Bukhara, Khorezm and Samarkand regions of Uzbekistan. Alexander the Great conquered Sogdiana and Bactria in 327 BC. The medieval history of Uzbekistan, witnessed the conquest by the Muslim Arabs in the 8th century AD. The Persian Samanid dynasty established its stronghold in the area. In the year 1220, Uzbekistan and the rest of Central Asia was invaded by the fierce and aggressive Genghis Khan and his Mongol tribes. In the 1300s, the Timur's overthrew the Mongols and occupied Uzbekistan. Later on, separate Muslim states emerged, with strong ties with the neighboring Persia. During this time, the development of Uzbekistan gained a rapid pace. Fabulous mosques and madrassahs were built. Uzbekistan literature reached its zenith of glory with the emergence of well known literary figures in this period. The main turning point of history of Uzbekistan is the Russian occupation in the year 1865. It led to the establishment of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. During the Soviet era Uzbekistan became a world famous cotton growing region of the world. Finally, on August 31, 1991, Uzbekistan declared its independence from the Soviet Union and Islam Karimov was elected the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

REGIONS

YOU TRAVEL WITH US TO THIS REGIONS

1. URGENCH

In the oasis of Khiva, there is the city of Urganch near Ox, founded by an Uzbek Khan in the 17th century, and another city, an ancient seat of power, about a hundred miles to the northeast. the empire was destroyed by Genghis Khan. 19th century travelers like Fraser were not always sure which Urganch (or Koogench, Oorgunj, or Urganj) was when Frazer wrote that "Urgunj, the capital of an empire that once encompassed a large part of Western Asia, was in ruins." . was meant. not clear. , and the seat of the small power that now exists was moved to the middle and modern city of Khiva" (Khurasan, 1833).

2. KHIVA

Khiva is a beautiful oasis city with ancient walls, minarets and unique clay buildings. Within the framework of the XI session of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in Baku, Khiva was declared as the tourist capital of the Islamic world in 2024! Khiva is over 2500 years old. If you want to plunge into history and see the true beauty of the ancient East, then welcome to Khiva.

3. BUKHARA

Bukhara, Uzbek Bukhoro or Buxoro, also spelled Buchara or Bokhara, city, south-central Uzbekistan, located about 140 miles (225 km) west of Samarkand. The city lies on the Shakhrud Canal in the delta of the Zeravshan River, at the centre of Bukhara oasis. Founded not later than the 1st century CE (and possibly as early as the 3rd or 4th century BCE), Bukhara was already a major trade and crafts centre along the famous Silk Road when it was captured by Arab forces in 709. It was the capital of the Sāmānid dynasty in the 9th and 10th centuries. Later it was seized by the Qarakhanids and Karakitais before falling to Genghis Khan in 1220 and to Timur (Tamerlane) in 1370. In 1506 Bukhara was conquered by the Uzbek Shaybānids, who from the mid-16th century made it the capital of their state, which became known as the khanate of Bukhara.

4. SHAKHRISABZ

Shakhrisabz is one of the most beautiful and colorful Uzbekistan cities, which is located 80 km south of Samarkand, beyond the alpine pass of Takhta-Karacha. Whether time you come to this ancient city, you will see all the beauty of this great green garden. Looking at the well-groomed modern appearance it is difficult to believe that this city is 2700 years old and that it has played a significant role in the history of Central Asian region. Formerly Shakhrisabz was the capital of the ancient state of Sogd and had the name of Kesh. It was the famous center of culture, trade and handicrafts. In 329 BC Alexander the Great conquered the city and soon Hellenistic culture and cult of the Greek gods appeared there. Over millennium Shakhrisabz was under the reign of various dynasties and in the 8th century it was the center of anti-Arab and anti-Islam rebellion.

5. SAMARKAND

Samarkand, Uzbek Samarqand, city in east-central Uzbekistan that is one of the oldest cities of Central Asia. Known as Maracanda in the 4th century BCE, it was the capital of Sogdiana and was captured by Alexander the Great in 329 BCE. The city was later ruled by Central Asian Turks (6th century CE), the Arabs (8th century), the Samanids of Iran (9th–10th century), and various Turkic peoples (11th–13th century) before it was annexed by the Khwārezm-Shāh dynasty (early 13th century) and destroyed by the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan (1220). After it revolted against its Mongol rulers (1365), Samarkand became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane), who made the city the most important economic and cultural centre in Central Asia. Samarkand was conquered by Uzbeks in 1500 and became part of the khanate of Bukhara. By the 18th century it had declined, and from the 1720s to the 1770s it was uninhabited. Only after it became a provincial capital of the Russian Empire (1887) and a railroad centre did it recover economically. It was briefly (1924–36) the capital of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. Samarkand today consists of an old city dating from medieval times and a new section built after the Russian conquest of the area in the 19th century.

6. TASHKENT

Tashkent, Uzbek Toshkent, capital of Uzbekistan and the largest city in Central Asia. Tashkent lies in the northeastern part of the country. It is situated at an elevation of 1,475 to 1,575 feet (450 to 480 metres) in the Chirchiq River valley west of the Chatkal Mountains and is intersected by a series of canals from the Chirchiq River. The city probably dates from the 2nd or the 1st century BCE and was variously known as Dzhadzh, Chachkent, Shashkent, and Binkent; the name Tashkent, which means “Stone Village” in Uzbek, was first mentioned in the 11th century.